Friday, 11 March 2011

Behaviourism

Slide-1
Behaviourism is a 3 stage learning process:-
  • Practice
  • Positive reinforcement 
  • Reshaping what they have learned through the process 
Behaviourism can be both in a positive and negative form.  Behaviour is learned regardless of what form it's in and generally routine assists with learned behaviour.  Pavlov's experiment on behaviourism reflects this.

BEHAVIOURISM

CONNECTIONISM

STIMULUS/RESPONSE


Pavlov’s Theory:
Conditioned and unconditioned stimulus & responses.
Ø  Stimulus Generalisation
Ø  Extinction
Ø  Spontaneous Recovery
Ø  Discrimination
Ø  Higher-Order Conditioning
Thorndike’s Theory:                                                           
Connection between stimulus & response.
Ø  Law of Effect
Ø  Law of Exercise
Ø  Law of Readiness
Watson’s Theory:
Watson believes that behaviour is learned through conditioning of stimulus and responses.  Emotional stimulus & responses.
Ø  Fear
Ø  Phobias
Ø  Prejudices
Skinner’s Theory:
Conditioned behaviour – changes in observable behaviour without considering the mind’s processes. 
Operant Conditioning Vs Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning:
Ø  Positive Reinforcement or reward
Ø  Negative Reinforcement
Ø  Extinction or Non-Reinforcement
Ø  Punishment
Behavioural chaining – learning in sequence, taking it step by step until success is achieved.
Reinforcement Schedules:
Ø  Fixed Interval Schedules
Ø  Variable Interval Schedules
Ø  Fixed Ratio Schedules
Ø  Variable Ratio Schedules



REFERENCE:
Mergel, B. (May, 1998). Instructional Design & Learning Theory. Retrieved March 12, 2011, from http://www.usask.ca/education/coursework/802papers/mergel/brenda.htm#The Basics of Behaviorism

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