BEHAVIOURISM
CONNECTIONISM
STIMULUS/RESPONSE
Pavlov’s Theory:
Conditioned and unconditioned stimulus & responses.
Ø Stimulus Generalisation
Ø Extinction
Ø Spontaneous Recovery
Ø Discrimination
Ø Higher-Order Conditioning
Thorndike’s Theory:
Connection between stimulus & response.
Ø Law of Effect
Ø Law of Exercise
Ø Law of Readiness
Watson’s Theory:
Watson believes that behaviour is learned through conditioning of stimulus and responses. Emotional stimulus & responses.
Ø Fear
Ø Phobias
Ø Prejudices
Skinner’s Theory:
Conditioned behaviour – changes in observable behaviour without considering the mind’s processes.
Operant Conditioning:
Ø Positive Reinforcement or reward
Ø Negative Reinforcement
Ø Extinction or Non-Reinforcement
Ø Punishment
Behavioural chaining – learning in sequence, taking it step by step until success is achieved.
Reinforcement Schedules:
Ø Fixed Interval Schedules
Ø Variable Interval Schedules
Ø Fixed Ratio Schedules
Ø Variable Ratio Schedules
REFERENCE:
Mergel, B. (May, 1998). Instructional Design & Learning Theory. Retrieved March 12, 2011, from http://www.usask.ca/education/coursework/802papers/mergel/brenda.htm#The Basics of Behaviorism
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